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The Islamic faith has a long and storied history, with its roots stretching back to the time of the Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century. Since then, the religion has spread across the globe, influencing countless cultures and societies. This article will provide a timeline of Islamic history, from the Prophet Muhammad to the present day.
Muhammad was born in 570 CE in the Arabian city of Mecca, and is believed to be the last prophet of God. He spent much of his early life as a merchant, but soon began to receive revelations from the angel Gabriel which became the basis for the Qur’an, the holy book of Islam. In 622 CE, Muhammad and his followers fled from Mecca to Medina in what is known as the Hijra, or “migration”, which marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.
In 632 CE, Muhammad died, leaving behind a unified Arabian Peninsula under the rule of the Umayyad Caliphate. The Umayyad dynasty would last for almost a century, and during this time, the Islamic faith spread rapidly throughout the Middle East and North Africa. In 750 CE, the Umayyad dynasty was replaced by the Abbasid Caliphate, which would rule for another 500 years. During this period, Islamic science and culture flourished, with the establishment of universities, libraries, and hospitals.
In the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks conquered much of the Middle East and established the Sultanate of Rum. This period saw the emergence of Islamic mysticism, with the rise of Sufism, and the spread of the faith to Central Asia, India, and parts of Europe. In 1258, the Mongols sacked Baghdad, ending the Abbasid Caliphate.
In the 14th century, the Ottoman Empire rose to power, and would eventually become the most powerful state in the Islamic world. During this period, the Ottomans conquered much of the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of Eastern Europe. By the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire was the dominant power in the Islamic world, ruling over an area stretching from the Balkans to the Persian Gulf.
In the 18th century, the Ottoman Empire began to decline, and by the 19th century, it had lost much of its former power. At the same time, the European powers began to colonize much of the Islamic world. This period saw the emergence of Islamic nationalism, with the rise of groups such as the Muslim Brotherhood and the Nation of Islam.
In the 20th century, the Islamic world experienced a resurgence of religious and political power, with the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979. In the 21st century, the Islamic faith continues to grow in influence and power, with countries such as Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Indonesia playing an increasingly important role in world affairs.
This timeline of Islamic history demonstrates the long and complex history of the religion, and its continued relevance in the modern world. From the time of the Prophet Muhammad to the present day, the Islamic faith has had an immense impact on global culture and politics.
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